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Teaching the Holocaust and other Genocides

Hutu Ten Commandments

The Hutu Ten Commandments were a series of ideological and political statements, initially publicized by extremist Hutu factions in Rwanda in 1990. These commandments were part of a larger campaign to incite hatred and division between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority, ultimately playing a role in the Rwandan genocide. The statements are deeply problematic, grounded in ethnic hatred and calls for discriminatory action against the Tutsi population.

The Hutu Ten Commandments

1. Every Hutu should know that a Tutsi woman, whoever she is, works for the interest of her Tutsi ethnic group. As a result, we shall consider a traitor any Hutu who:

  • marries a Tutsi woman

  • employs a Tutsi woman as a concubine

  • employs a Tutsi woman as a secretary or takes her under protection.

2. Every Hutu should know that our Hutu daughters are more suitable and conscientious in their role as woman, wife and mother of the family. Are they not beautiful, good secretaries and more honest?
3. Hutu women, be vigilant and try to bring your husbands, brothers and sons back to reason.
4. Every Hutu should know that every Tutsi is dishonest in business. His only aim is the supremacy of his ethnic group. As a result, any Hutu who does the following is a traitor:

  • makes a partnership with Tutsi in business

  • invests his money or the government's money in a Tutsi enterprise

  • lends or borrows money from a Tutsi

  • gives favours to Tutsi in business (obtaining import licenses, bank loans, construction sites, public markets, etc.).

5. All strategic positions, political, administrative, economic, military and security should be entrusted only to Hutu.
6. The education sector (school pupils, students, teachers) must be majority Hutu.
7. The Rwandan Armed Forces should be exclusively Hutu. The experience of the October 1990 war has taught us a lesson. No member of the military shall marry a Tutsi.
8. The Hutu should stop having mercy on the Tutsi.
9. The Hutu, wherever they are, must have unity and solidarity and be concerned with the fate of their Hutu brothers.

  • The Hutu inside and outside Rwanda must constantly look for friends and allies for the Hutu cause, starting with their Hutu brothers.

  • They must constantly counteract Tutsi propaganda.

  • The Hutu must be firm and vigilant against their common Tutsi enemy.

10. The Social Revolution of 1959, the Referendum of 1961, and the Hutu Ideology, must be taught to every Hutu at every level. Every Hutu must spread this ideology widely. Any Hutu who persecutes his brother Hutu for having read, spread, and taught this ideology is a traitor.

Discussion Questions

1. How do the Hutu Ten Commandments frame the relationship between Hutu and Tutsi, and what role does the notion of 'ethnic loyalty' play in these commandments?

2. In what ways do the Hutu Ten Commandments reflect a broader pattern of exclusionary ideologies in history, and what might this reveal about the potential for ethnic conflict in Rwanda?

3. What is the role of gender in the Hutu Ten Commandments, particularly in commandments 2 and 3, and how does the gendered division of roles contribute to the reinforcement of the broader political agenda?

4. What are the implications of the Hutu Ten Commandments' call to "counteract Tutsi propaganda" and how did this idea contribute to the narrative of the Rwandan Genocide?

5. How do the Hutu Ten Commandments position education, military, and political sectors as domains to be controlled by the Hutu, and what does this tell us about the ways in which power and control are consolidated in situations of ethnic conflict?

Sources

Seminega, T. (2019). Hutu 10 Commandments. No Greater Love. https://www.rwanda-nogreaterlove.com/hutu-10-commandments