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Chronological Reasoning and Causation

Before Brown v. Board of Education: The Fight to Desegregate Elementary Schools in Hillburn, New York

  1. Load Telegram from Arthur Bary to Commissioner George Stoddard Regarding the Hillburn Decision in Main Image Viewer
  2. Load Map of Hillburn, New York Showing School Boundary Lines in Main Image Viewer
  3. Load Letter from the President of the High School Teachers Association of New York City to the Commissioner of Education  in Main Image Viewer
  4. Load Letter from Olga Collinson to the Commissioner of Education in Main Image Viewer
  5. Load Letter from the YWCA of Harlem to the Commissioner of Education in Main Image Viewer
  6. Load Anonymous Letter to the Commissioner of Education Regarding the Hillburn Case in Main Image Viewer
  7. Load Anonymous Letter to the Commissioner of Education Regarding the Hillburn Case in Main Image Viewer
  8. Load Anonymous Letter to the Commissioner of Education Regarding the Hillburn Case in Main Image Viewer
  9. Load Letter from C.G. to the Education Commissioner Regarding the Hillburn Case in Main Image Viewer
  10. Load Letter from C.G. to the Education Commissioner Regarding the Hillburn Case in Main Image Viewer
  11. Load Letter from C.G. to the Education Commissioner Regarding the Hillburn Case in Main Image Viewer
  12. Load Letter from C.G. to the Education Commissioner Regarding the Hillburn Case in Main Image Viewer
  13. Load Memorandum Brief for Petitioners in the Hillburn Desegregation Case in Main Image Viewer
  14. Load Memorandum Brief for Petitioners in the Hillburn Desegregation Case in Main Image Viewer
  15. Load Memorandum Brief for Petitioners in the Hillburn Desegregation Case in Main Image Viewer
  16. Load Memorandum Brief for Petitioners in the Hillburn Desegregation Case in Main Image Viewer
  17. Load Memorandum Brief for Petitioners in the Hillburn Desegregation Case in Main Image Viewer
  18. Load Memorandum Brief for Petitioners in the Hillburn Desegregation Case in Main Image Viewer
  19. Load Memorandum Brief for Petitioners in the Hillburn Desegregation Case in Main Image Viewer
  20. Load Petition of the Residents of the Village of Hillburn, Rockland County, New York to the Commissioner of Education in Main Image Viewer
  21. Load Petition of the Residents of the Village of Hillburn, Rockland County, New York to the Commissioner of Education in Main Image Viewer
  22. Load Petition of the Residents of the Village of Hillburn, Rockland County, New York to the Commissioner of Education in Main Image Viewer
  23. Load Petition of the Residents of the Village of Hillburn, Rockland County, New York to the Commissioner of Education in Main Image Viewer
  24. Load Petition of the Residents of the Village of Hillburn, Rockland County, New York to the Commissioner of Education in Main Image Viewer
  25. Load Cover Letter for the Petition Filed by the Residents of Hillburn, New York to the Commissioner of Education in Main Image Viewer
  26. Load Cover Letter for the Memorandum Brief Sent to the Commissioner of Education Regarding the Hillburn Case in Main Image Viewer
  27. Load Newspaper Article Describing the Outcome of the Hillburn Desegregation Case in Main Image Viewer

Suggested Teaching Instructions

Compelling Question: How do individuals change society?

Setting the Stage: Discuss the impact of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) What was school segregation and why was a Supreme Court ruling necessary to end it?

https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/iml04.soc.ush.civil.scschools/segregated-schooling-in-south-carolina/#.WnCYnK6nFp8

https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/b7bc564e-7966-4d7c-b534-de1f089e7949/civil-rights-movement-educational-equality/#.WnCZuK6nFp8

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9806E3D81F31F93BA25751C1A9639C8B63

Summative Assessment: Write an essay or participate in a Socratic Seminar discussing the influence of individuals in the HIllburn Case. Use evidence from the documents to evaluate the impact individual citizens had on decision of the Commissioner.

Extension: Compare the desegregation case in Hillburn, New York to the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Supreme Court case.

Taking Informed Action: Is there currently inequality in education in New York State? How can you work to bring about equality in education?

8.9 DOMESTIC POLITICS AND REFORM: The civil rights movement and the Great Society were attempts by people and the government to address major social, legal, economic, and environmental problems. Subsequent economic recession called for a new economic program. (Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO)

8.9a The civil rights movement began in the postwar era in response to long-standing inequalities in American society, and eventually brought about equality under the law, but slower progress on economic improvements.

A. Gathering, Interpreting and Using Evidence

3. Analyze evidence in terms of historical context, content, authorship, point of view, purpose, and format; identify bias; explain the role of bias and audience in presenting arguments or evidence.

F. Civic Participation

4. Identify, describe, and compare the role of the individual in social and political participation in, and as an agent of, historical change at various times and in various locations in colonial North America and in the early history of the United States.

6. Identify situations in which social actions are required and determine an appropriate course of action.