Liberation and Beyond (1945-Present)

The liberation of Nazi concentration and extermination camps began in 1944 and continued into 1945 as Allied forces advanced across Europe. Liberators discovered scenes of unimaginable horror—thousands of emaciated survivors, mass graves, and evidence of the Nazis’ systematic brutality. Survivors faced tremendous challenges in the aftermath, including severe physical and emotional trauma, loss of family, and nowhere to return, as many Jewish communities had been destroyed. Displaced Persons (DP) camps were established to provide temporary shelter, and some survivors eventually emigrated to countries like the United States and the newly established state of Israel. In the years that followed, the world began to reckon with the Holocaust through the war crimes trials in Nuremberg, memorials, and ongoing efforts to preserve its memory and learn from its lessons.  This section includes readings with questions, activities, and case studies.