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Teaching the Holocaust and other Genocides

Excerpt from the Testimony of Mushimire

I was the youngest in my family of nine children, five of whom were killed during the genocide and massacres of 1994. I was three months pregnant when my husband died. We had been living together for only four months.

On April 6 1994, before we had even learnt of Habyarimana’s death, a militia took my husband claiming he knew where the rebel who had killed him was hiding. After three days of waiting for him to return, I gave up on him. On the third day I was attacked and taken captive by a big group of militia. At the village authority offices I found many other women with whom I was then imprisoned for a month. During this time the militia would come to rape us.

John did not return. I later learnt that he had fled on hearing that Kigali had fallen. I was rescued and taken to a school. Many injured people were being treated there. I found that my sister had survived, and by a miracle of God, my pregnancy survived the ordeal. I had a son, which cheered me up. I also heard that my mother had survived and I returned to live with her.

I suffered complications and constant infection following the genocide, which is why I took an HIV test. The result was positive. I was not surprised given the ordeal I had lived through. I began to hate myself, and everything around me, including my own son. I am currently taking very expensive medicine, which helps ease the pain and increases my immunity to most sicknesses. Taking the medicine requires one to eat well. But sometimes I can’t afford food.

I must live with the pain of having only enjoyed four months of marriage. My Mom always tells me to remarry, but that is because I have never plucked up the courage to tell her about my sickness. Because of my ordeal, I have come to hate all men irrespective of their race or looks. But I am glad that my son did not contract the HIV virus.

Discussion Questions

1. How does the speaker’s experience highlight the gender-based violence that occurred during the Rwandan Genocide?

2. What role does trauma play in the speaker’s post-genocide experience?

3. In what ways does the narrative demonstrate the complexity of survival during the genocide?

4. How does the speaker’s relationship with their son evolve after surviving the genocide and contracting HIV?

5. What does the speaker’s decision to keep the details of their HIV status a secret reveal about the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS in post-genocide Rwanda?

6. How does the speaker’s relationship with men evolve as a result of the repeated trauma she experienced

7. What can be inferred about the speaker’s resilience and coping mechanisms throughout her ordeal?

8.How does the speaker’s recollection of the genocide contribute to our understanding of the long-term psychological and physical impacts of such traumatic events?

Sources

United Nations. (2019). Outreach Programme on the Rwanda Genocide and the United Nations. Un.org. https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/survivor-testimonies.shtml