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Teaching the Holocaust and other Genocides

Article from the Amsterdam Evening Recorder, "War Refugee Board"

The War Refugee Board was created on January 22, 1944, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9417, establishing the board as a government agency tasked to develop plans and programs for the rescue, transportation, and relief of victims of enemy oppression, particularly Jews, facing imminent danger of death in Nazi-occupied Europe. This came amidst mounting public pressure and congressional calls for action against the Nazi persecution of Jews. 


War Refugee Board

(New York Herald Tribune)

By his appointment of a War Refugee Board "to take action for the immediate rescue from the Nazis of as many as possible of the persecuted minorities of Europe," the President silences once and for all enemy propaganda to the effect that the United Nations are not concerned with their fate - not, in particular, with the fate of the Jewish people. For the President expressed the expectation that the board would have the cooperation of all members of the United Nations and other foreign governments. To insure the board adequate powers he appointed to It the Secretaries of the State, Treasury and War Departments and directed teh facilities of those departments be put at its disposal.

It is a difficult task entailing rescue, transportation, maintenance, and relief. How many victims can be saved from Germany itself no one knows; but organizations in touch with underground groups in occupied Europe are hopeful that many can be rescued from, and through, the Balkan satellite nations. Once temporary camps have been set up to receive the refugess in neutral or Allied nations, the board will cooperate with the Inter-Governmental Refugee Committee and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Committee.

The President urged immediate concrete action, an urgency dictated "to forestall the plan of the Nazis to exterminate all the Jews and other persecuted minorities in Europe." The American lead in setting up poweful machinery to obtain such action will have wide approval. For growing realization of the frightful lengths to which the Hitler regime will carry its philosophy of brutality has made a do-nothing policy more and more untenable. 
 

War Refugee Board

Page 4 of "Amsterdam Evening Recorder and Daily Democrat," February 2, 1944. 

Short Answer Questions

 1. How did the creation of the WRB reflect the U.S. government's changing attitude toward the Holocaust and the plight of refugees in Europe? 

 2. What were the specific goals and mandates of the War Refugee Board, and how did it differ from other U.S. government agencies involved in wartime humanitarian efforts? 

3. According to this document, what was one impact of the creation of the War Refugee Board?

4. In what ways did the WRB’s efforts shape American public opinion about the Holocaust and the U.S. government’s responsibility toward the refugee crisis? 

Sources

History Unfolded: US Newspapers and the Holocaust. (n.d.). Newspapers.ushmm.orghttps://newspapers.ushmm.org/historical-article/1944-war-refugee-board-6525