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Teaching the Holocaust and other Genocides
 
Created in collaboration with the Holocaust & Human Rights Center, the NYS Education Department, and the NYS Archives Partnership Trust.

Mordechai Anielewicz

Activity Overview
Students will explore how individuals can impact events and the justification for resistance through the life of Mordechai Anielewicz, the leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
Grade Level
7-12
ELA Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies:
RH1: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.
RH2: Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate, objective summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.
RH7:  Integrate visual information (e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other information in print and digital texts.
RH8: Distinguish among fact, opinion, and reasoned judgment in a text. Identify and distinguish between a primary and secondary source on the same topic.
WHST6: Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source by applying discipline-specific criteria used in the social sciences.
WHST7: Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Social Studies Framework:
10.5 UNRESOLVED GLOBAL CONFLICT (1914–1945): World War I and World War II led to geopolitical changes, human and environmental devastation, and attempts to bring stability and peace.
10.5d Nationalism and ideology played a significant role in shaping the period between the world wars.
10.5e Human atrocities and mass murders occurred in this time period.
SEL Benchmarks
1A. Identify and understand their emotions and how emotions relate to their actions. Use understanding of emotions to inform actions.
2A. Recognize and build empathy for the feelings and perspectives of others.
2B. Recognize and affirm individual identities as well as individual and group similarities and differences, including those rooted in culture, ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, ability, etc.
3A: Consider individual and collective social, emotional, and physical safety and well-being, as well as social context in making decisions.
Objectives
Students will describe the life and leadership of Mordechai Anielewicz and his role in organizing and leading the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
Students will evaluate the moral, strategic, and emotional justifications for resistance against Nazi oppression, using Anielewicz’s actions as a case study.
Students will analyze how individual choices and leadership can influence broader historical events, particularly in the context of resistance movements during the Holocaust.

Essential Question

Under what circumstances is resistance justified?

Materials

The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Reading
“Mordechai Anielewicz | Historical Figures of the Holocaust | Yad Vashem
Holocaust, Yad Vashem. “The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising | Key Historical Concepts in Holocaust Education.”
Timeline of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
The Last Letter from Ghetto Revolt Commander Mordecai Anielewicz, Warsaw, 1943

Activity

Video Presentation 

Show a short video biography of Mordechai Anielewicz, highlighting his life and leadership during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

Qualities of a Great Leader 

Engage students to discuss what qualities make a great leader. List these qualities on the board.

Leader of Warsaw Ghetto Facts  

Begin with an overview of the Warsaw Ghetto and introduce Mordechai Anielewicz as a pivotal leader.

Explain the lesson's focus on leadership and resistance.

Video of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 

Present a video clip of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising to provide historical context and visualize the resistance efforts.

Timeline Activity 

Distribute a timeline of key events in the Warsaw Ghetto.

Discuss these events, emphasizing Anielewicz's role and decisions. (reference his leadership qualities as identified in 3 above)

Discussion: When to Resist 

Facilitate a class discussion on the concept of resistance. Discuss what factors justify resistance and how Anielewicz and others made their decisions to resist.

Conclusion: Leadership and Personal Growth

Conclude with a discussion on how anyone can become a strong leader and how  experiences shape leadership qualities.

Reinforce the idea that leadership is not just about extraordinary actions but also about courage and conviction.

Extension Activity

Write about it. Read Mordechai Anielewicz’s last letter from the Warsaw ghetto. He lived in the ghetto from age 20-23. Based on his letter and what you know about him as the leader of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, write a letter from him to you. What would Anielewicz’s advice be to you about the choices you’re facing and your foreseeable future?