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Teaching the Holocaust and other Genocides

Athletes Inquiry

Activity Overview
This inquiry-based activity asks students to research the experience of one athlete impacted by the Nazi regime in Germany. Students choose on athlete from the link provided and use the inquiry worksheet to guide their research. A supplemental activity is provided with a video link and discussion questions. The lives of the twelve athletes featured in the link all meet a tragic end. To balance these stories, students may like to read the story of Agi Keleti, a gymnast who survived the Holocaust and went on to found the Isreali women's gymnastics program. 
Grade Level
7-12
ELA Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies
RH1: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.
RH7: Integrate visual information (e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other information in print and digital texts.
RH9: Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take.
WHST5: Conduct short research projects to answer a question drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration.
WHST7: Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Social Studies Framework
8.5 WORLD WAR II: The aggression of the Axis powers threatened United States security and led to its entry into World War II. The nature and consequences of warfare during World War II transformed the United States and the global community. The damage from total warfare and atrocities such as the Holocaust led to a call for international efforts to protect human rights and prevent future wars. 
10.5 UNRESOLVED GLOBAL CONFLICT (1914–1945): World War I and World War II led to geopolitical changes, human and environmental devastation, and attempts to bring stability and peace.
10.5d Nationalism and ideology played a significant role in shaping the period between the world wars.
10.5e Human atrocities and mass murders occurred in this time period.
SEL Benchmarks
2B. Recognize and affirm individual identities as well as individual and group similarities and differences, including those rooted in culture, ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, ability, etc.
3A: Consider individual and collective social, emotional, and physical safety and well-being, as well as social context in making decisions.
(supplemental activity)
2A.2b. Communicate perceived understanding of the expressed feelings and perspectives of others.
Objectives
Students will practice research and analysis skills to learn about the experience of athletes under the Nazi regime.

Essential Question

How does the history of these athletes under the Nazis shape your understanding of sports and society today?

Materials

Olympic Athletes Affected by the Holocaust Inquiry Worksheet
Link: Short Biographies of Twelve Athletes
Video: Gretel, An Olympians Dream: Behind Every Name
Reading: Gymnast Agi Keleti

Choose one of the twelve Olympic athletes who was affected by the Holocaust. Research to gather information about their life, sport, and the country they represented. Use the questions below to guide your research. https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=holocaust_athletes&lang=en

Name of Athlete: _______________________________________

Research Questions

1. Biography

Briefly describe the athlete's early life, including their date of birth and place of origin.

What significant events or experiences shaped their early years?

2. Sport

In what sport did the athlete compete?

What were their notable achievements in this sport (e.g., medals, records)?

3. Country Representation

Which country did the athlete represent in the Olympics?

How did their nationality/religion/politics influence their experiences during the Holocaust?

4. Legacy

What is the athlete’s legacy in sports and history?

How are they remembered today?

Reflection

After completing your research, reflect on what you learned about the impact of the Holocaust on Jewish athletes. How does this history shape your understanding of sports and society today?

Extension Activity

Create a journal entry about your athlete in the period after the 1936 Olympic games and before incarceration and death.  Using the information you have learned from the research and readings, create 3 separate journal entries.

Supplemental Activity

Watch the animated video: Gretel: An Olympian’s Dream: Behind Every Name and answer the discussion questions.

https://www.ushmm.org/learn/behind-every-name/gretel-olympians-dream

Discussion Questions (for Supplemental Activity)

1. Who was Gretel and what was her dream?

2. How did the historical context of her time impact her journey?

3. What challenges did Gretel face in pursuing her Olympic aspirations?

4. How does Gretel’s story reflect broader themes of discrimination and perseverance?

5. What does the title Behind Every Name suggest about the importance of identity and recognition?

6. How does the story explore resilience and determination?